The Generation Of Today s Generation - 1005 Words

It is no secret that today’s generation is the most technologically advanced in the history of the human race, and it is a common misconception that ours is the supreme generation because of this. In contrast, people see the low-tech generation that came long before ourss as disconnected and as less important than the current generation. This could not be farther from the truth. Our grandparents’ generation may have endured different schooling and housing, and may have different mindsets than ours, but this in no way makes them irrelevant or inadequate. These people possess a wealth of knowledge and wisdom that we of the younger generation must not only acquire, but put into practice if we ever plan to improve the gilded generation that we have become. Children of today’s generation attend not only kindergarten, but pre-school and even some school prior to pre-school. The notion that the younger children begin to learn, the more they can learn, drives many parent s to push their kids to study and be strong academically. This is a stark contrast to the students of our grandparents’ generation, who began their academic careers in the first grade with parents who were more focused on their ability to work. Not only the age at which a student begins school differs between these generations, so does the age where the majority of people halt their education. Where an associate’s degree today is the minimum for someone wishing to attain a stable respectably paying career, theShow MoreRelatedThe Music Of Today s Generation1257 Words   |  6 Pages Although the music of today’s generation has great artists and music, the music in earlier generations such as Styx is different and better than the music of today. Their music appears to have more meaning in the lyrics. The lyrics sing about people being in love, losing love, the meaning of life, and life experiences, instead of vulgar language, drugs, and violence, like music today. Several of the songs tell a story that fills your soul with warmth. I could hear the sorrow, happiness, and theRead MoreSocial Media s Influence On Today s Generation1425 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Media’s Influence on Today’s Generation Amidst today’s society it is hard to imagine that just fifteen years ago people actually communicated by email, and even that was uncommon. Now everybody is in constant communication with people from social media, and the new highly advanced technology that is constantly being created. Experts predict that by 2020 the world wide information base will double every seventy three days (Online Social Networking p.g 6). Basically all the advanced technologyRead MoreTechnology Is An Essential Part Of Today s Generation2755 Words   |  12 Pagesnow one can simply turn on an electric device and look on the internet for research. There are many resources like dictionaries, thesaurus, and even educational games and videos that can help students. Technology is an essential part of today’s generation, many jobs rely on technology and kids growing up will be more prepared with knowledge. Even though technology isn’t just used for educational purposes but for social purpos es as well, now anyone can keep up with old friends. Thanks to the manyRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Today s Generation1496 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology has developed rapidly in today’s generation. Physical engagement lessens as technology progresses. The internet has become one powerful resource in today’s generation. Although, the internet is a helpful resource we must also take into consideration that not everything that is posted on the internet is true. Many websites may post, and may state some important information that may be intriguing which can be mistaken to be reliable. However, we must acknowledge if the website is a reliableRead MoreThe World Of The Future Generation906 Words   |  4 PagesIntergenerational equity, the concept which displays that actions of today s generation will determine the world of the future generation. Therefore, the generation today must be fair and wise in the decisions they make, for their actions will sculpt the fut ure of others. The image above was used to advertise an exhibition run by the ACT in 2008; climate change, human impact and creative challenge are going to kill our future generation. The then Prime Minister of Norway, Gro Harlem, displayed that meetingRead MoreThe Generation Of The Boomer Generation1422 Words   |  6 PagesToday, three generations work side by side in American businesses, each with their own differing values. Managers need to recognize their unique characteristics and plan accordingly. The term Generation Gap entered our daily lexicon in the 1960s when members of the Boomer generation were teenagers. It recognized the chasm that existed between the Boomers and their parents in regard to their divergent political views, taste in music, the clothes they wore, and professional goals: Baby BoomersRead MoreTelephone Essay978 Words   |  4 Pagestelegraph was popular between the early 1870’s through the early 1900’s. After the telegraph, came the invention of the telephone. Alexander Graham Bell was the first person to get the telephone patented in 1876. 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But over time, differences in age in the workplace has been growing more and more, generating conflicts that could not be ignored anyRead MoreEssay Generation X1136 Words   |  5 PagesGeneration X When seeking information on differences, good and bad, between the Baby Boomers and Generation X, what better experts than my parents. After all they have done the 50s thru the 90s. They have seen the different trends and Im sure attempted to set a few of their own. As the conversation went on about the differences and similarities, we all became passionate about certain aspects of growing up. It started with the clothes, and then television and it got intense when we got toRead MoreBoomer Generation Disadvantages1012 Words   |  5 PagesGenerations are funny things. Stereotypes dictate that older generations are conservative, and that younger generations are liberal. However, generations only play a small role in shaping an individual s identity. Family, technology, politics, education, society, and the economy all play an important role in shaping a person s destiny. Shocking differences and surprising similarities exist between all generations; the Boomers and the Mille nnials are no different. The most important determining

The Use And Benefits Of Art In Special Education And Special

The Use and Benefits of Art in Special Education and Special Education Services In the early half of the 20th Century, education for children with special needs was near non-existent. With the passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1975, however, it became mandatory for schools to provide students with special needs Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) (IDEA, 1975). Since the IDEA law was enacted, special education has expanded to include a wide variety of programs and services, each designed to meet the needs of students with disabilities. The IDEA law also helps ensure that students with special needs have access to the same curriculum and resources as general education students, including enrichment†¦show more content†¦Art courses are also typically less structured than core classes, so students with special needs can take part in a general education class without the stress of a rigid schedule (Wang, 2014). In addition to being a means of inclusion, art activities are also being used as a break for students with ex ceptionalities between more intensive core subjects. For example, many special education teachers complete sensory crafts with their students, which helps calm and refocus them (Clemens-Hines, 2016). In Therapies Speech therapy, physical therapy, and occupational therapy are the three most common school sponsored services for students with special needs, and all have ways of incorporating art to achieve their goals. In addition to these, art and music therapy are also becoming more widely accessible to students with exceptionalities. In speech therapy, students with speech and language disorders practice verbal skills such as pronunciation, articulation, and expression (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2016). To practice these skills, speech therapists must either converse with the student, or observe a conversation the student has with another person. Art activities and group crafts provide the perfect opportunity for this; not only do students feel more comfortable conversing with their peers, they are less likely to view the activity as stressful (Wang, 2014). Occupational therapy,Show MoreRelatedChildren With Disabilities And Special Needs1426 Words   |  6 Pa gesOne hopes that all schools in the U.S. that have disabled and special needs students do everything they can to ensure that such students are treated in a fair way and granted their right to equal access to education. For years, students with disabilities and special needs were not given the right to education. Many were labeled as incapable or the term â€Å"special† someone who needs particular requirements which is now known as special needs. They were not valued because of their failures and many sawRead MoreKuwait Society For The Welfare Of The Disabled1670 Words   |  7 Pagespeople with disabilities to have their rights in education and training of their children and integrate them into society. Kuwait Society for the Welfare of the Disabled has many aims to serve the Kuwaiti s community and specific for people with disability. One of their main goals is providing heath and community care for children who cannot find anywhere else. Also, they provide clubs and institutions to assist people with special need to have special care, shelter, and guidance. Moreover, KuwaitRead MoreThe Positive Side On Children s Disability Essay882 Words   |  4 Pagesschedule that can flow between home life and school life. It is important for a child to be treated consistently and an educator can aid a parent in the methods used for education to ensure a similar learning experience at home and at school. Consistency is important for a special needs child to succeed. Without consistency, a special needs child can feel too overwhelmed and sometimes unwilling to work because the task might be too hard for the child. Finally, it is very important for educators toRead MoreAn Evaluation Of Intervention ( Rti ) Is A Form Of Help For General Education Essay769 Words   |  4 Pagesof help for general education teachers to identify early signs of learning issues to determine which students may need special education services. The Federal law requires documentation of a student’s intervention, before students are eligible for special education services. Also, it is useful for a student’s Individual Education Program (IEP) records, because after interventions the school can document which types of services and support a student needs, in the IEP. Schools use the RTI interventionRead MoreGraduation Speech : Early Childhood Educator1314 Words   |  6 Pagestheir minds moving. After, morning announcements teachers begin to teach for the day with fun, in gaging lessons that seem to not even be related to learning. On some days the students will go to specials such as music, art, gym, libra ry or other extra-curricular activities. While the students enjoy their special the teacher can straighten up the room and prepare for snack and afternoon activities. Several schools have safe spaces for outdoor learning to change up the classroom scenery. Being a teacherRead MoreInclusion in the Public School Classroom Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pagesthem in the general education class with the â€Å"regular† learning population or do we separate them to learn in a special environment more suited to their needs? The problem is many people have argued what is most effective, full inclusion where students with all ranges of disabilities are included in regular education classes for the entire day, or partial inclusion where children spend part of their day in a regular education setting and the rest of the day in a special education or resource classRead MoreBecoming A Liberal Arts Based School1212 Words   |  5 Pages Before taking Intro to Liberal Arts, I had no clue I was pursuing my degree in a liberal arts based school. Here at Stockton University they are focused on teaching and learning in a Liberal Arts setting with an outgrowth in service learning and community participation. Our specialized General Studies programs ensure that students don t simply take classes; they participate in an educational program that has elements of writing, quantitative reasoning, and multicultural studies (U.S News, 2015)Read MoreChildren With Special Needs Should Spend Most Of The Time With Non Disabled Kids1643 Words   |  7 PagesAkhmadullina 1 Children with special needs should spend most of the time with non disabled kids Children with special needs are slightly different from non disabled kids, but it should not be a barrier between non disabled kid and child with disabilities. Special needs cover a wide range. Some are a children with physical disability who use wheelchair or cane. Other with learning disabilities such as autism spectrum disorder or emotional disorder. Children with special needs are like all childrenRead MoreThe Importance Of Inclusion In Education1530 Words   |  7 PagesIn education, the word inclusion means students with and without disabilities are taught in the same classroom setting. Many sources such as speech physical therapy, or assistive technology are provided in the classroom so the student or students are not pulled out of the classroom. (Murawski, n.d.)Some may say it is distracting to the other students or seem unfair that they are getting special attention. However, being in an inclusion class is beneficial to both students with disabilities and toRead MoreMajor Issues Of Special Education1683 Words   |  7 Pages Major Issues in Special Education The Special Education system is widely known throughout the United States as a helpful resource for people with learning disabilities. It is made so that all children have equal access to educational services that help them to be successful in the classroom. We have come a long way from 1975, when Special Education became mandatory due to United States Congress passing the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) which was a result of the discriminatory

Provide Recommendation Regards To Pricing †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Provide Recommendation Regards To Pricing? Answer: Introduction Jackson Ltd has a product line which consists of namely two products i.e. Fred and Martha. Currently, the costing of these two products is being carried on using the traditional overhead method using the direct labour as the suitable metric and applying a plant-wide overhead rate. Further, the pricing of the products is linked to the costing as a 20% mark-up is charged on the products. However, a competitor is providing the product Martha at a significantly lower price due to which there is an urgency to allocate the overheads cost in accordance with ABC (Activity Based Costing) approach so that the costing can be improved and prices could be more competitive. The objective of this report is to bring out the differences between the overhead allocation in the two methods and the unit prices derived using the traditional and ABC approach so as to provide recommendation to the company with regards to pricing. Analysis The objective is to determine the cost per unit for each of the two products (Fred and Martha). The first job would be to ascertain the overhead rate which would be applicable. Total manufacturing overheads = $ 816,000 Total direct hours of labour = 1000*2 (For Fred) + 5000*3 (For Martha) = 17000 hours Manufacturing overhead per direct labour hour = = 816000/17000 = $ 48 Since, 2 hours of direct labour are used for each unit of Fred, hence unit overhead costs for Fred = 48*2= $ 96 Since, 3 hours of direct labour are used for each unit of Martha, hence unit overhead costs for Martha = 48*3= $ 144 Thus, based on the above computation and the provided direct cost data, the unit cost computation for the two products is summarised in the table below (Emmauel and Otley, 2010) Hence, from the above computation, it is apparent that the unit cost for Fred and Martha is $ 166 and $ 249 respectively. With regards to ABC approach, the first step would be find the cost per activity and apply the same to the two products i.e. Fred and Martha. The following table illustrates the computation of cost per activity in accordance with the concerned activity driver for each of the different activities involved in the manufacturing overhead (Drury, 2006). Based on the respective cost drivers consumed for each of the two products, the various activity costs would be allocated to the respective product. This can be carried out as highlighted below (Heisinger, 2009). Machine Related Costs Machine related cost per unit machine hour = $50 Machine hour required for unit production of Fred = 4 Machine hour required for unit production of Martha = 1 Hence, machine related overhead cost per unit of Fred = 4*50 = $ 200 Machine related overhead cost per unit of Martha = 1*50 = $ 50 Setup and Inspection Setup cost per run = $ 4,500 Number of units of Fred in 1 production run = 50 Number of units of Martha in 1 production run = 250 Hence, setup and inspection cost per unit of Fred = (4500/50) = $ 90 Setup and inspection cost per unit of Martha = (4500/250) = $ 18 Engineering Costs Engineering cost per order change = $ 900 Total engineering cost attributed to Fred = (75/100)*90000 = $ 67500 Engineering cost per unit of Fred = 67500/1000 = $67.5 Total engineering cost attributed to Martha = (25/100)*90000 = $ 22500 Engineering cost per unit of Fred = 22500/5000 = $4.5 Plant related Costs Since the cost driver of these costs is the area and 80% of the area is utilised for Fred production, hence 80% of the costs would be attributed to the production of Fred units while the remaining 20% would be attributed to the production of Martha. Hence, plant related costs attributed to Fred = (80/100)*96000 = $ 76,800 Unit plant related costs attributed to Fred = 76800/1000 = $ 76.8 Plant related costs attributed to Martha = (20/100)*96000 = $ 19,200 Unit plant related costs attributed to Martha= 19200/5000 = $ 3.84 Unit overhead cost allocation Unit overhead cost related to Fred = 200 + 90 + 67.5 + 76.8 = $434.3 Unit overhead cost related to Martha = 50 + 18 + 4.5 + 3.84 = $76.34 Hence, the unit cost of each of the products as per ABC approach is summarised below. Conclusion Based on the above computation, it is apparent that currently Martha is overpriced and Fred is underpriced owing to incorrect allocation of overhead costs. Taking a 20% profit margin, unit price of Martha should be $ 217.6 (1.2*181.34) which is lesser than the price charged by the competitor. As a result, this clearly demonstrates the importance of using ABC approach for overhead allocation of costs so that prudent pricing decisions can be made (Weyganth, Kimmel and Kieso, 2009). A potential drawback of ABC approach is the initial cost and expertise required besides the overall complexity involved (Kinney and Rainborn, 2012). References Drury, C. (2006) Cost and Management Accounting: An Introduction. 6th ed. New York: Cengage Learning. Emmauel, R.C. and Otley, T.D. (2010) Accounting for Management Control. 8th ed. London: Cengage Learning. Heisinger, K. (2009) Essentials of Managerial Accounting. 4th ed. London: Cengage Learning. Kinney, R. M. and Rainborn , A. C. (2012) Cost Accounting: Foundations and Evolutions. 9th ed. New York: Cengage Learning. Weyganth, J.J., Kimmel, D. P. and Kieso, E. D. (2009) Managerial Accounting: Tools for Business Decision Making. 5th ed. Sydney: John Wiley Sons.

The Nation-State Is An Outmoded Concept. Discuss. Essays

The Nation-State Is An Outmoded Concept. Discuss. So deeply ingrained is the tendency to funnel society into the mold prepared for it by the nation-state that we cannot conceive of societies except as thoroughly congruent with the state, as if the teleology of all social entities were the state. (Said 1994: 350) This truism constitutes a succinct expression of the pre-eminence of the nation-state in global societal organisations. The world is largely divided up into these unitary, enclosed identities whose legitimacy is derived the ?nation' or the ?people' as the sole source of sovereignty. Obviously, the degree to which the state can claim such legitimacy varies a great deal, but at the very least the state claims to represent the national interest. Yet, the nation-state as the overarching meta-paradigm of how a cohesive society should organise itself political is currently being undermined under several fronts, whilst, as evident in the wilful destruction of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the bloody emergence of newly created nation-states in the region, where it is being revived its worst qualities are revealed. The modern theory of the state rests upon the nation as source of sovereignty and legitimacy. A political arrangement between society and the government towards the protection of citizens and their rights. Hobbes perceived the state as ?an artificial life', a conscious, willed construct. For by Art is created that great Leviathan called a common-wealth, or State which is but an artificial Man; though of greater stature and strength than the Naturall, for whose protection and defence it was intended; and in which, the Sovereignty is an Artificial soul, as giving life and motion to the whole body. (Hobbes 1951: 81) Ronen Palan argues, from a perspective that seeks to place technological innovation at the centre of our understanding of changing international relations, that the Hobbesian use of metaphors of the state as an organic entity or as ?automata', ?engines that move themselves by springs and wheels as doth a watch' (ibid.: 81) establishes a model that encourages us to conceive of the globe as being partitioned into highly organised, bounded and self-enclosed societies. Further from this is the tendency to see the geographic area which the state claims sovereignty over as the actualisation of the social body, thus determining that the defence of the national territory as the primary concern of the state (Talalay et al, 1997: 17). Arising from this organic/mechanical conception is a sort of anthropomorphism of the state where it is held to have a rational intelligence as well as desires that whilst comparative to that of a person are conceived on a far grander scale. Thus as an individual may seek to accumulate possessions or elevate their status within society the state sought its own self aggrandisement through ?the accumulation of power and prestige' (ibid.: 17). Palan propounds that in regarding the state as a person its nature becomes self-evident, the ?reason of state' and its underlying rational reveals itself to our gaze. Conversely, if we desist in our treatment of the state as a person, and the unitary coherence that such a metaphor suggests ?the entire realist edifice crumbles' (ibid.: 17). The rise of the ideology of nationalism is crucial in understanding the progression of the state. David Miller usefully describes a sense of nationality as consisting of five essential elements: shared belief and mutual committment; exetended in history; active in character; connected to a particular territory; marked off from other communities by its distinct public culture. These qualities, according to Miller, mark nationalism as unique to other forms of public identity (Miller 1995: 27). The nationalist ideology is one which seeks to provide a narrative of political legitimacy to the state (Clarke et al 1999: 9). It seeks to construct and promote a homogenised identity as unifying force for society the basis of which has been summarised by Anthony Smith as geo-political, religious-ideological and ethno-cultural in nature. This triangulation of forces, from which the mythic national force has been presumed to be emergent, is a difficult construct, but upon it rests the derivation of the authority of the state. This is exemplified by the declaration of 1791 by the National Assembly at the birth of the first modern liberal state, France. Article

How to Find Seasonal Jobs That Pay Well (No Elf Costume Required)

How to Find Seasonal Jobs That Pay Well (No Elf Costume Required) This year major retail companies will be looking to fill nearly 80,000 temporary holiday positions. And other holiday-related businesses will also be hiring employees to get them through the next few (busiest) months. This year’s holiday gig market looks to be one of the highest in the last five years. Here are some tips on snagging a temporary gig to help pay for holiday presents!Look Beyond RetailThere’s much more to the holiday gig market than just low-paying sales gigs in retail outlets. Any company that needs extra help will be eager for contract employees and any workers with flexible scheduling that don’t need to be on salary. The more flexible you can be with your working hours, the better your chances at getting hired.Pay special attention to areas you might not expect to find jobs in, such as social media, marketing, recruiting, decorating, production design, photography, and customer service.Search SmartWhen applying, start with companies you know youà ¢â‚¬â„¢d like to work for, then branch out to search for openings with keywords like â€Å"holiday,† â€Å"temp,† or â€Å"seasonal.†Don’t Skimp on your Application PackageMake sure to treat each application as you would for a normal full-time, permanent position. That means a complete application, cover letter, references, etc. And if you get an interview, dress professionally. You never know who you’ll meet in the course of your holiday employment who could help you in your career moves in the new year.Start Looking NOWThe holiday hiring rush begins in October (though it’s never too late to start looking around!) and peaks in November. Jobs will typically run through January, even a bit later. And there’s always a chance that seasonal job will turn into something full time, if you are able to distinguish yourself on the job.

Free Essays on AfricansAmericans In An America Civil War

Blacks and the Civil War The foundation for black participation in the Civil War began more than a hundred years before the outbreak of the war. Blacks in America had been in bondage since early colonial times. In 1776, when Jefferson proclaimed mankind’s unchallengeable right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, the institution of slavery had become firmly established in America. Blacks worked in the tobacco fields of Virginia, in the rice fields of South Carolina, and toiled in small farms and shops in the North. Foner and Mahoney report in A House Divided, America in the Age of Lincoln that, â€Å"In 1776, slaves composed forty percent of the population of the colonies from Maryland south to Georgia, but well below ten percent in the colonies to the North.† The invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793 provided a demand for cotton thus increasing the demand for slaves. By the 1800’s slavery was an institution throughout the South, an institution in which slaves had few rights, and could be sold or leased by their owners. They lacked any voice in the government and lived a life of hardship. Considering these circumstances, the slave population never abandoned the desire for freedom or the determination to resist control by the slave owners. The slave's reaction to this desire and determination resulted in outright rebellion and individual acts of defiance. However, historians place the strongest reaction in the enlisting of blacks in the war itself. Batty in The Divided Union: The Story of the Great American War, 1861-65, concur with Foner and Mahoney about the importance of outright rebellion in their analysis of the Nat Turner Rebellion, which took place in 1831. This revolt demonstrated that not all slaves were willing to accept this â€Å"institution of slavery† passively. Foner and Mahoney note that the significance of this uprising is found in its aftermath because of the numerous reports of â€Å"insubordina... Free Essays on AfricansAmericans In An America Civil War Free Essays on AfricansAmericans In An America Civil War Blacks and the Civil War The foundation for black participation in the Civil War began more than a hundred years before the outbreak of the war. Blacks in America had been in bondage since early colonial times. In 1776, when Jefferson proclaimed mankind’s unchallengeable right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, the institution of slavery had become firmly established in America. Blacks worked in the tobacco fields of Virginia, in the rice fields of South Carolina, and toiled in small farms and shops in the North. Foner and Mahoney report in A House Divided, America in the Age of Lincoln that, â€Å"In 1776, slaves composed forty percent of the population of the colonies from Maryland south to Georgia, but well below ten percent in the colonies to the North.† The invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793 provided a demand for cotton thus increasing the demand for slaves. By the 1800’s slavery was an institution throughout the South, an institution in which slaves had few rights, and could be sold or leased by their owners. They lacked any voice in the government and lived a life of hardship. Considering these circumstances, the slave population never abandoned the desire for freedom or the determination to resist control by the slave owners. The slave's reaction to this desire and determination resulted in outright rebellion and individual acts of defiance. However, historians place the strongest reaction in the enlisting of blacks in the war itself. Batty in The Divided Union: The Story of the Great American War, 1861-65, concur with Foner and Mahoney about the importance of outright rebellion in their analysis of the Nat Turner Rebellion, which took place in 1831. This revolt demonstrated that not all slaves were willing to accept this â€Å"institution of slavery† passively. Foner and Mahoney note that the significance of this uprising is found in its aftermath because of the numerous reports of â€Å"insubordina...

Total quality management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Total quality management - Essay Example In such a setup, all members of the organisations are trained and motivated to work towards improving processes, products and services offered by the organisation and based on the cultivation of a positive culture (Bagad, 2008, p.31). Oman Air is one of the leading airline companies in the Oman that have continued to grow and advance due to its great customer service focus and market centrality. The company currently operates large flights of planes plying different routes across the globe and offering unique and admirable services to the customers. The admirable service delivery approach has been attributed to the company’s adoption of a proper TQM that seeks to improve its customer relations and increase overall customer satisfaction (Flynn, 2011, p13). According to this introduction, the essay is organised as the following: First, it will critically evaluate the perception of Leadership role in quality management at Oman airline and how it can differ from one context to another. Second, it will highlight the different models for delivering good total quality management. After that, it will attempt to explore the role of teamwork, Customer satisfaction, Culture of improvement and risk management in total quality management of that will lead to better applications in total quality management in all organisations contexts. Finally, it will sum up the main points. The success of quality management in an organisation depends on the leadership approach adopted by the management and this approach is communicated to the other employees in the organisation. Leadership plays an essential management role in the implementation of TQM in any organisation due to the two benefits that it confers. Through leadership, Oman Air has enhanced its ability to mould its philosophy and principles within the various departments, which serves to improve the